This derivation was adopted as a proper name for an angel who laments the loss of his former beauty.

It is an aurora because it is caused by precipitation of electrons in the atmosphere but it appears outside the auroral oval, [37] closer to the equator than typical auroras. Exoplanets, such as hot Jupiters, have been suggested to experience ionization in their upper atmospheres and generate an aurora modified by weather in their turbulent tropospheres. According to Hearne, the Dene people saw the resemblance between an aurora and the sparks produced when caribou fur is stroked. It can also cause particles already trapped in the radiation belts to precipitate into the atmosphere. The distance, or radius, of the electron from the field line at any time is known as its Larmor radius.They change in a few minutes from quiet arcs all along the auroral oval to active displays along the darkside and after 1 – 3 hours they gradually change back.

Between 1859 and 1862, Elias Loomis published a series of nine papers on the Great Auroral Exhibition of 1859 in the American Journal of Science where he collected worldwide reports of the auroral event.The strength of the current depends on a) the rate of relative motion, b) the strength of the magnetic field, c) the number of conductors ganged together and d) the distance between the conductor and the magnetic field, while the direction of flow is dependent upon the direction of relative motion.